Basic Nuclear Science

Nuclear Structure

 

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An atom consists of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom! Nuclei consist of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by the so-called strong or nuclear force. This force is much stronger than the familiar electrostatic force that binds the electrons to the nucleus, but its range is limited to distances on the order of a few x10^-15 meters.

     

The number of protons in the nucleus, Z, is called the atomic number. This determines what chemical element the atom is. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is denoted by N. The atomic mass of the nucleus, A, is equal to Z + N. A given element can have many different isotopes, which differ from one another by the number of neutrons contained in the nuclei. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Since the electric charges of the proton and the electron are +1 and -1 respectively (in units of the proton charge), the net charge of the atom is zero.

 

 

At present, there are 112 known elements which range from the lightest, hydrogen, to the recently discovered and yet to-be-named element 112. All of the elements heavier than uranium are man made. Among the elements are approximately 270 stable isotopes, and more than 2000 unstable isotopes.

Source:

http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html

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RESEARCH NUCLEAR SYSTEMS Fission Fusion Nuclear Security SCIENTIFIC COMMONS Radiation Sources, Detection & Measurement Modeling & Simulation Materials in Extreme Environments     Senior Design Class (22.033) uses fusion energy for hydrogen fuel production   Abstract. Seniors design economically attractive steady-state large-scale fusion plants for hydrogen fuel production. Fusion energy holds the possibility of a nearly limitless energy supply for the future. Most fusion research and design studies have looked at fusion to produce electricity for the grid; however this constraint holds the total size of the plant down to 1 GigaWatt electrical. This is a challenge because the standard fusion approach using strong magnetic fields most easily occurs in hot, and therefore large, devices.  The NSE senior design class, taught by Assoc. Prof. Dennis Whyte, examined the possibility of a fusion power plant used to make hydrogen fuel instead of electricity, freeing the fusion plant from small size limitations. Their study showed that not only did the H fuel become more competitive economically at larger size (8-30 GigaWatts) but that the core fusion design was inherently far from operational limits, yet steady-state with readily controlled heat exhaust; thus solving some of the most vexing problems for the standard tokamak configuration fusion design.  Final presentation (pdf) >> Final report (pdf) >>

Nuclear Science and Engineering

Research and education in nuclear science and engineering first began at MIT in 1948.

The program was one of the first of its kind in the country, and civilians and military personnel flocked to the Institute to learn about nuclear weapons and propulsion. Today the department focuses on creating a broad range of nuclear engineering applications that improve human and environmental health. MIT researchers conducted one of the first studies on nuclear reactors for large-scale electricity generation in 1953. Today we are working to make nuclear power the safest, most economical, and most environmentally friendly way of generating electricity.

Despite having roots at MIT that span more than 60 years, nuclear engineering is relatively new compared to other engineering disciplines, and its many applications will benefit society in areas from healthcare and radiation detection to space exploration and advanced materials. Our community members make key scientific and engineering advances in fission engineering and nuclear energy, fusion and plasma physics, and nuclear science and technology. We conduct research to support the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor project and collaborate with experts throughout industry and academia.

Department of Nuclear Engineering links

 

Visit the MIT Department of Nuclear Engineering home page at:
http://web.mit.edu/nse/
Review the MIT Department of Nuclear Engineering curriculum at:
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/resources/curriculum/index.htm#22
Learn more about MIT Engineering:
http://engineering.mit.edu/

 

Available Courses

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http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/

Sumber:

http://web.mit.edu/nse/index.html

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The ABC's of Nuclear Science is a brief introduction to Nuclear Science. We look at Antimatter, Beta rays, Cosmic connection and much more. 

Visit here and learn about radioactivity - alpha, beta and gamma decay. Find out the difference between fission and fusion. Learn about the structure of the atomic nucleus. Learn how elements on the earth were produced. 

Do you know that you are being bombarded constantly by nuclear radiation from the Cosmos? 

Discover if there are radioactive products found in a grocery store. Do you know if you have ever eaten radioactive food? 

Find out what materials are needed to shield us from alpha, beta, gamma, radiation. Discover what have we gained by its study.

About the Nuclear Wall Chart

We have brought the Teacher’s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart online. You can find out how we use the nucleus in every day life. Also, There is an extensive description on the effects of radiation in the environment. You can find answers for the following questions:

• Do you want to know about the modern concept of the nucleus?
• How nuclear physicists view the nucleus?
• How could anyone measure something that small?
• Do you know how we find new elements?
• What are accelerators used for?
• What is radioactivity and is it dangerous?
• What do nuclear physicists really do?

We also have a PDF version for you.

High School teachers and students can find simple experiments that can be used in a Chemistry or Physics class. These experiments can be done in a classroom with inexpensive equipment.

At this site, students and teachers at all levels can learn about the objects that produce the known and identified mass of the Universe. The rest is made of Dark Matter and Dark Energy which are science mysteries and are described in other websites.

Produced by the Nuclear Science Division --- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Perpustakaan Nuklir

Kumpulan Bahan-Bahan Pembelajaran IPTEK NUKLIR

Sumber: 

1. The International Nuclear Library Network (INLN) is a global nuclear knowledge management initiative aiming to strengthen international cooperation. Research institutes and libraries in the nuclear field are invited to join the INLN and enjoy premium services.

The International Nuclear Library Network (INLN), coordinated by the IAEA Library, i.e. the Library of the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a consortium of nuclear libraries and knowledge centres. 

The Network seeks to promote the exchange of nuclear information and to strengthen strategic partnerships amongst members. 

The underlying strategy is twofold: 

First, whenever a new partner joins the network, the shared information base is enlarged; and second, the larger the information base becomes, the more attractive the network is. 

The 37 nuclear libraries coming from 27 countries that participate in the coalition have managed to enhance their information pool and extend their services to cover nuclear information and knowledge needs on a global scale.

Other external links

• International Nuclear Library Network (INLN) official website
• IAEA Library official website
• IAEA official website

2. Perpustakaan BATAN Dokumentasi dan Informasi Ilmiah

Dokumentasi dan Informasi Ilmiah PPIN-BATAN memiliki fasilitas sebagai berikut :

* Perpustakaan Konvensional Berlokasi di Gedung 71, Lantai 1, Kawasan PPTN-Serpong

* Perpustakaan Digital Merupakan media untuk melakukan penelusuran informasi bahan pustaka secara on-line melalui fasilitas internet.

Perpustakaan Digital dapat diakses melalui situs yang beralamat di http://digilib.batan.go.id

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